{"id":586,"date":"2024-03-01T17:50:18","date_gmt":"2024-03-01T16:50:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cabinet-bessis.com\/?p=586"},"modified":"2024-03-05T16:32:32","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T15:32:32","slug":"clause-de-resiliation-et-controle-judiciaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cabinet-bessis.com\/en\/clause-de-resiliation-et-controle-judiciaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Clause de r\u00e9siliation et contr\u00f4le judiciaire"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65b9f07b8452800008b2b339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. civ. 1, 31 janvier 2024, n\u00b0 21-23.233<\/a> (publi\u00e9)<\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><u>Probl\u00e9matique<\/u><\/h4>\n<p>Le juge peut-il appr\u00e9cier les motifs invoqu\u00e9s par l\u2019une des parties pour mettre en \u0153uvre une clause de r\u00e9siliation unilat\u00e9rale ?<\/p>\n<h4><u>R\u00e9ponse de la Cour<\/u><\/h4>\n<p>Oui. Lorsque la clause ouvre une facult\u00e9 de r\u00e9siliation anticip\u00e9e en cas de \u00ab motif l\u00e9gitime et imp\u00e9rieux \u00bb il appartient au juge de contr\u00f4ler, en cas de litige, la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du motif invoqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019appr\u00e9ciation par les parties de la clause d\u2019un contrat d\u2019enseignement, pr\u00e9voyant une facult\u00e9 de r\u00e9siliation dans le cas d\u2019un motif l\u00e9gitime et imp\u00e9rieux invoqu\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00e9tudiant et appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 uniquement par la direction de l\u2019\u00e9cole, n\u2019\u00e9chappe pas, en cas de litige, au contr\u00f4le du juge et c\u2019est dans l\u2019exercice de son pouvoir souverain d\u2019appr\u00e9ciation des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de fait et de preuve qui lui \u00e9taient soumis que le tribunal a estim\u00e9 qu\u2019\u00e9tait caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e l\u2019existence d\u2019un motif l\u00e9gitime et imp\u00e9rieux justifiant la r\u00e9siliation du contrat.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4><u>Analyse<\/u><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>La clause r\u00e9solutoire permet de pr\u00e9voir les cas et conditions dans lesquelles il peut \u00eatre mis un terme \u00e0 un contrat (\u00e9ventuellement par anticipation). Il peut s\u2019agir d\u2019une clause de \u00ab r\u00e9siliation-sanction \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire mise en \u0153uvre en cas d\u2019inex\u00e9cution d\u2019une obligation contractuelle (art. 1225 c.civ.), ou d\u2019une facult\u00e9 discr\u00e9tionnaire ou offerte en cas de survenance d\u2019un \u00e9v\u00e8nement objectivement d\u00e9fini.<\/li>\n<li>Dans tous les cas, la clause ne peut jouer que si elle (i)\u00a0est d\u00e9pourvue d\u2019\u00e9quivoque, (ii)\u00a0vise express\u00e9ment les hypoth\u00e8ses dans lesquelles elle s\u2019applique, (iii)\u00a0est mise en \u0153uvre de bonne foi, et (iv)\u00a0est pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e par une mise en demeure sauf clause contraire (art.1225 c.civ.).<\/li>\n<li>En cas de \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9siliation-sanction\u00a0\u00bb, le juge est <u>priv\u00e9 de son pouvoir d\u2019appr\u00e9ciation<\/u> de la gravit\u00e9 du manquement reproch\u00e9 ou de l\u2019opportunit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9siliation mais d\u00e9termine <em>a posteriori<\/em> si le manquement est formellement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019arr\u00eat du 31 janvier 2024, promis \u00e0 la publication, semble prendre une direction diff\u00e9rente lorsque la clause pr\u00e9voit une facult\u00e9 de r\u00e9siliation ind\u00e9pendante de tout manquement contractuel\u00a0: le contr\u00f4le judiciaire est alors plein et entier.<\/li>\n<li>L\u2019appr\u00e9ciation du \u00ab motif l\u00e9gitime et imp\u00e9rieux \u00bb stipul\u00e9 en l\u2019esp\u00e8ce ne pouvait \u00eatre abandonn\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019un des contractants, ici la direction de l\u2019\u00e9cole, celle-ci disposant de la facult\u00e9 rejeter la demande de r\u00e9siliation du contrat d\u2019enseignement form\u00e9e par un \u00e9tudiant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><u>Appr\u00e9ciation<\/u><\/h4>\n<p>La solution est opportune car si le juge refusait d\u2019appr\u00e9cier la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du motif invoqu\u00e9, la clause ne pourrait en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 jamais trouver \u00e0 s\u2019appliquer. Les autres m\u00e9canismes de contr\u00f4le, tels que la mauvaise foi du cr\u00e9ancier ou l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation du d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre significatif (art. 1171 c.civ.) ne sont d\u2019aucune utilit\u00e9 dans cette configuration o\u00f9 le d\u00e9biteur peut, \u00e0 sa seule discr\u00e9tion, mettre en \u00e9chec l\u2019exercice de la r\u00e9siliation.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinet-bessis.com\/en\/our-team\/alexis-bessis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alexis Bessis<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinet-bessis.com\/en\/expertise\/dispute-resolution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contentieux des affaires et arbitrage<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cass. civ. 1, 31 janvier 2024, n\u00b0 21-23.233 (publi\u00e9) Probl\u00e9matique Le juge peut-il appr\u00e9cier les motifs invoqu\u00e9s par l\u2019une des parties pour mettre en \u0153uvre une clause de r\u00e9siliation unilat\u00e9rale ? R\u00e9ponse de la Cour Oui. Lorsque la clause ouvre une facult\u00e9 de r\u00e9siliation anticip\u00e9e en cas de \u00ab motif l\u00e9gitime et imp\u00e9rieux \u00bb il [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Clause de r\u00e9siliation et contr\u00f4le judiciaire | Bessis Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Clause de r\u00e9siliation et contr\u00f4le judiciaire | Bessis Avocats Le juge contr\u00f4le la mise en oeuvre de la clause de r\u00e9siliation unilat\u00e9rale en appr\u00e9ciant les motifs invoqu\u00e9s par le cr\u00e9ancier.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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